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The following guide deploys the Minimus MariaDB image together with custom certificates generated with OpenSSL to help you get started. Run the code to try it out for yourself.

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Components

  • MariaDB image: MariaDB container configured with the secure configuration for client authentication.
  • certgen.sh script: Generates a custom CA, server, and client certificates using OpenSSL.
  • minidebug image: A Minimus dev toolkit that provides a shell, OpenSSL, and other utilities used to generate the certificates.

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What this guide demonstrates

  • TLS handshake validation
  • Server/client certificate trust
  • Basic auth and MariaDB operations
  • Image compatibility

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Directory Structure

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├── certgen.sh             # Certificate generation script
├── create-certs.yml       # Compose file to run certgen container
└── docker-compose.yml     # Compose file to run MariaDBDB

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Deploy MariaDB with TLS certificates

1

Save certgen.sh

Save the following script to a file named certgen.sh. The script is used to generate the TLS certificates and store them in a certs folder on the host.
certgen.sh
#!/bin/sh
# Company: Minimus

set -e
cd /certs

cat > openssl.cnf <<EOF
[req]
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
prompt = no

[req_distinguished_name]
CN = mariadb

[v3_req]
keyUsage = keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth, clientAuth
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[v3_client]
keyUsage = digitalSignature
extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[v3_ca]
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true
keyUsage = critical, keyCertSign, cRLSign

[alt_names]
DNS.1 = mariadb
DNS.2 = localhost
IP.1 = 172.0.0.1
IP.1 = 192.168.60.0
IP.1 = 192.168.60.2
IP.1 = 192.168.60.3
EOF

openssl genrsa -out ca-key.pem 2048
openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key ca-key.pem -sha256 -days 365 -out ca.pem \
  -subj "/CN=MariaDB Test CA" -extensions v3_ca -config openssl.cnf

openssl genrsa -out server-key.pem 2048
openssl req -new -key server-key.pem -out server.csr -config openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req
openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -CAcreateserial \
  -out server-cert.pem -days 365 -sha256 -extfile openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req

openssl genrsa -out client-key.pem 2048
openssl req -new -key client-key.pem -out client.csr -subj "/CN=root"
openssl x509 -req -in client.csr -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -CAcreateserial \
  -out client-cert.pem -days 365 -sha256 -extfile openssl.cnf -extensions v3_client

chmod 644 *.pem
chown -R 1000:1000 /certs/*.pem || true
echo "[SUCCESS] Certificates generated."
2

Save create-certs.yml

Save the following YAML file to run with Docker Compose. It uses the Minimus minidebug image to generate the certificates with the certgen.shshell script. Minidebug is a Minimus dev toolkit that provides a shell, OpenSSL, and other utilities.The certificates will be persisted in the certs volume on the host.
create-certs.yml
services:
  certgen:
    image: reg.mini.dev/minidebug:latest
    container_name: mariadb_certgen
    volumes:
    - ./certs:/certs 
    - ./certgen.sh:/certgen.sh:ro
    entrypoint:
    - /bin/sh
    - /certgen.sh
    network_mode: none
3

Generate certificates

Run the following to generate the certificates:
docker compose -f create-certs.yml up

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TLS certificates

The script certgen.sh generates the following self-signed certificates:
  • Self-signed CA certificate (ca.pem)
  • Server certificates (server-cert.pem, server-key.pem)
  • Client certificates for testuser(client-cert.pem, client-key.pem, client.csr )
The permissions for all .pem certificates are set to 644 and owned by UID 1000 . Certificate permissions are adjusted to support non-root containers. The certificates will be mounted into the MariaDB container.
4

Save Docker Compose script

Save the following Docker Compose script to a file nameddocker-compose.yml. This script sets up the MariaDB service with a healthcheck, mounts a volume with the certificates, and maps port 3307 on the host to port 3306 on the container.
docker-compose.yml
services:
  mariadb:
    image: reg.mini.dev/mariadb
    container_name: mariadb-1
    environment:
      MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD: rootpass
    ports:
    - 3307:3306
    volumes:
    - ./certs:/certs:ro
    command:
    - --ssl-ca=/certs/ca.pem
    - --ssl-cert=/certs/server-cert.pem
    - --ssl-key=/certs/server-key.pem
    - --require_secure_transport=ON
    healthcheck:
      test:
      - CMD
      - mariadb-admin
      - ping
      - -prootpass
      interval: 5s
      retries: 10
5

Run MariaDB

Start the MariaDB container in detached mode:
docker compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d
6

Run tests over mysql or mariadb-client

Make sure you are in the right folder, where the certs are available:
ls -l ./certs/
Use mysql or mariadb-client to connect over TLS and run tests. For example, here are a few commands you can try out:
  1. Connect to the db: 
    mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3307 -u root -p \
  --ssl \
  --ssl-ca=./certs/ca.pem \
  --ssl-cert=./certs/client-cert.pem \
  --ssl-key=./certs/client-key.pem
  2. Create and list databases: 
    CREATE DATABASE my_new_db; 
SHOW DATABASES;
  3. Show server version: 
    SELECT version();
  4. Check that TLS is active: 
    SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'have_ssl';
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Ssl_cipher';
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Ssl_version';